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Units and Conversions ​

Reference for wastewater treatment units

Flow Units ​

Volume per Time ​

FromToMultiply by
m³/dL/s0.01157
m³/dMGD0.000264
m³/dgpd264.2
MGDm³/d3,785
MGDL/s43.81
L/sm³/d86.4

Common Flow Conversions ​

Flow (m³/d)Flow (ML/d)Flow (MGD)
1,0001.00.26
10,000102.6
100,00010026.4
378,500378.5100

Concentration Units ​

Mass per Volume ​

FromToFactor
mg/Lg/m³1.0 (same)
mg/Lkg/m³0.001
mg/Llb/MG8.34
g/m³mg/L1.0 (same)
%mg/L10,000
ppmmg/L1.0 (approx)

Common Concentrations ​

Descriptionmg/L%
Low strength2000.02
Medium strength4000.04
High strength8000.08
MLSS typical3,5000.35
Thickened sludge50,0005
Dewatered cake250,00025

Mass Loading Units ​

Mass per Time ​

FromToMultiply by
kg/dlb/d2.205
kg/dg/h41.67
lb/dkg/d0.454
tonne/dkg/d1,000

Loading Rates ​

FromToFactor
kg BOD/m³·dlb BOD/1000 ft³·d62.4
kg/m²·hlb/ft²·h0.205
m³/m²·hgpd/ft²589.3

Volume Units ​

FromToMultiply by
m³L1,000
m³ft³35.31
m³US gal264.2
MLm³1,000
MGm³3,785
ft³m³0.0283

Area Units ​

FromToMultiply by
m²ft²10.76
m²acre0.000247
ham²10,000
ft²m²0.0929
acrem²4,047

Length Units ​

FromToMultiply by
mft3.281
min39.37
mmin0.0394
ftm0.3048
inmm25.4

Temperature ​

Conversion Formulas ​

$$°C = (°F - 32) \times \frac{5}{9}$$

$$°F = °C \times \frac{9}{5} + 32$$

$$K = °C + 273.15$$

Reference Points ​

Description°C°F
Freezing032
Room temp2068
Mesophilic3595
Thermophilic55131
Boiling100212

Pressure ​

FromToMultiply by
kPapsi0.145
kPabar0.01
kPam H2O0.102
barkPa100
psikPa6.895
atmkPa101.3

Energy ​

FromToMultiply by
kWhMJ3.6
kWhBTU3,412
MJkWh0.278
kJkcal0.239

Power ​

FromToMultiply by
kWhp1.341
kWBTU/h3,412
hpkW0.746

Wastewater-Specific Conversions ​

Oxygen Demand ​

RelationshipFactor
BOD₅/COD (typical domestic)0.4-0.6
BOD₅/BODᵤ0.68
COD oxidized per NO₃2.86 g COD/g NO₃-N
O₂ for nitrification4.57 g O₂/g NH₄-N

Sludge Relationships ​

RelationshipTypical Value
VS/TS (primary)0.70-0.80
VS/TS (WAS)0.75-0.85
VS/TS (digested)0.45-0.55
Density1,020 kg/m³

Population Equivalents ​

ParameterPE Value
BOD₅ load60 g/PE·d
COD load120 g/PE·d
TSS load70 g/PE·d
TN load11 g/PE·d
TP load1.8 g/PE·d
Flow200 L/PE·d

Calculator Functions ​

ErgoPlanner includes built-in calculators:

Unit Converter ​

  1. Tools > Unit Converter
  2. Select category
  3. Enter value and units
  4. View converted result

Quick Conversions ​

Use the search bar:

  • Type "100 m³/d to MGD"
  • Result shown immediately